When stimulated, chromaffin cells secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline along with enkephalin and enkephalin-containing peptides into the bloodstream. To carry out this response, the adrenal medulla receives input from the sympathetic nervous system through nerve fibers originating in the thoracic spinal cord from T5–T11.Ĭhromaffin cells are the neuroendocrine cells found in the medulla they are modified post-synaptic sympathetic neurons that receive sympathetic input. The adrenal medulla secretes approximately 20% noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and 80% adrenaline (epinephrine). These water-soluble hormones are the major hormones underlying the fight-or-flight response. The adrenal medulla is responsible for the production of catecholamines, derived from the amino acid tyrosine.Īdrenal gland: The adrenal medulla sits below the three layers of the adrenal cortex and is innervated by nerve fibers.
The adrenal medulla is the core of the adrenal glands, and is surrounded by the adrenal cortex. chromaffin: The cells of the adrenal medulla that secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to nervous stimulation.
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